长难句翻译技巧探讨
[size=2][color=black]例[font=Times New Roman]1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.[/font][/color][/size][font=Times New Roman][size=2][color=#000000][/color][/size][/font]
[size=2][color=black]分析[font=Times New Roman]: (1) [/font]该句的主语为[font=Times New Roman]behaviorists, [/font]谓语为[font=Times New Roman]suggest, [/font]宾语为一个从句[font=Times New Roman], [/font]因此整个句子为[font=Times New Roman]Behaviorist suggest that-clause [/font]结构。[/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black][font=Times New Roman](2) [/font]该句共有五个谓语结构[font=Times New Roman], [/font]它们的谓语动词分别为[font=Times New Roman]suggest, is raised, are, develop, experience[/font]等[font=Times New Roman], [/font]这五个谓语结构之间的关系为[font=Times New Roman]: Behaviorist suggest that-clause [/font]结构为主句[font=Times New Roman]; who is raised in an environment[/font]为定语从句[font=Times New Roman], [/font]所修饰的先行词为[font=Times New Roman]child; where there are many stimuli[/font]为定语从句[font=Times New Roman], [/font]所修饰的先行词为[font=Times New Roman]environment; which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses[/font]为定语从句[font=Times New Roman], [/font]所修饰的先行词为[font=Times New Roman]stimuli; [/font]在[font=Times New Roman]suggest[/font]的宾语从句中[font=Times New Roman], [/font]主语为[font=Times New Roman]child, [/font]谓语为[font=Times New Roman]experience, [/font]宾语为[font=Times New Roman]greater intellectual development.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]在作了如上的分析之后[font=Times New Roman], [/font]我们就会对该句具有了一个较为透彻的理解[font=Times New Roman], [/font]然后根据我们上面所讲述的各种翻译方法[font=Times New Roman], [/font]就可以把该句翻译成汉语为[font=Times New Roman]:[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]行为学家们认为[font=Times New Roman], [/font]如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素[font=Times New Roman], [/font]这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展[font=Times New Roman], [/font]那么[font=Times New Roman], [/font]儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。[/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]例[font=Times New Roman]2. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere. [/font][/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]分析[font=Times New Roman]: (1) [/font]该句的骨干结构为[font=Times New Roman]it is more … to do sth than to do sth else. [/font]是一个比较结构[font=Times New Roman], [/font]而且是在两个不定式之间进行比较。[/color][/size]
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(2) [/font]该句中共有三个谓语结构[font=Times New Roman], [/font]它们之间的关系为[font=Times New Roman]: it is more convenient as well as cheaper to … [/font]为主体结构[font=Times New Roman], [/font]但[font=Times New Roman]it[/font]是形式主语[font=Times New Roman], [/font]真正的主语为第二个谓语结构[font=Times New Roman]: to sit comfortably at home, [/font]并与第三个谓语结构[font=Times New Roman]to go out in search of amusement elsewhere[/font]作比较。[/color][/size]
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(3) [/font]句首的[font=Times New Roman]for a family of four[/font]作状语[font=Times New Roman], [/font]表示条件。另外[font=Times New Roman], [/font]还有两个介词短语作插入语[font=Times New Roman]: for example, with almost unlimited entertainment available,[/font]其中第二个介词短语作伴随状语[font=Times New Roman], [/font]修饰[font=Times New Roman]to sit comfortably at home.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]综合上述翻译方法，这个句子我们可以翻译为：◎大宝考研版权所有，拒绝转载◎[font=Times New Roman]CufYKxV1iZ[/font][/color][/size]
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譬如[font=Times New Roman], [/font]对于一个四口之家来说[font=Times New Roman], [/font]舒舒服服地呆在家中[font=Times New Roman], [/font]就能享受到几乎数不清的娱乐节目[font=Times New Roman], [/font]这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。
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[size=2][color=black][font=Times New Roman]一、[/font]长句的翻译[/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念[font=Times New Roman], [/font]而汉语则不同[font=Times New Roman],[/font]常常使用若干短句[font=Times New Roman], [/font]作层次分明的叙述。因此[font=Times New Roman], [/font]在进行英译汉时[font=Times New Roman], [/font]要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异[font=Times New Roman], [/font]将英语的长句分解[font=Times New Roman], [/font]翻译成汉语的短句。在英语长句的翻译过程中[font=Times New Roman], [/font]我们一般采取下列的方法。[/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black][font=Times New Roman](1)[/font]顺序法。当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时[font=Times New Roman], [/font]可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。例如[font=Times New Roman]:[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]例[font=Times New Roman]1. Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]分析[font=Times New Roman]: [/font]该句子由一个主句[font=Times New Roman], [/font]三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成[font=Times New Roman], [/font]共有五层意思[font=Times New Roman]: A. [/font]既使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时[font=Times New Roman]; B.[/font]电仍在为我们工作[font=Times New Roman]; C. [/font]帮我们开动电冰箱[font=Times New Roman]; D. [/font]加热水[font=Times New Roman]; E. [/font]或是室内空调机继续运转。上述五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全一致[font=Times New Roman], [/font]因此[font=Times New Roman], [/font]我们可以通过顺序法[font=Times New Roman], [/font]把该句翻译成[font=Times New Roman]:[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时[font=Times New Roman], [/font]电仍在为我们工作[font=Times New Roman]: [/font]帮我们开动电冰箱[font=Times New Roman], [/font]把水加热[font=Times New Roman], [/font]或使室内空调机继续运转。[/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]例[font=Times New Roman]2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials. [/font][/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]分析[font=Times New Roman]: [/font]该句的骨干结构为[font=Times New Roman]“It is realized that…”, it[/font]为形式主语[font=Times New Roman], that[/font]引导着主语从句以及并列的[font=Times New Roman]it is even possible to …[/font]结构[font=Times New Roman], [/font]其中[font=Times New Roman], [/font]不定式作主语[font=Times New Roman], the time …[/font]是[font=Times New Roman]“expectation of life”[/font]的同位语[font=Times New Roman], [/font]进一步解释其含义[font=Times New Roman], [/font]而[font=Times New Roman]time[/font]后面的句子是它的定语从句。[/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]五个谓语结构[font=Times New Roman], [/font]表达了四个层次的意义[font=Times New Roman]: A. [/font]可是现在人们意识到[font=Times New Roman]; B. [/font]其中有些矿物质的供给量是有限的[font=Times New Roman]; C. [/font]人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质[font=Times New Roman]“[/font]寿命值[font=Times New Roman]”; D. [/font]将这些已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽的时间。[/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]根据同位语从句的翻译方法[font=Times New Roman], [/font]把第四层意义的表达作适当的调整[font=Times New Roman], [/font]整个句子就翻译为[font=Times New Roman]:[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]可是现在人们意识到[font=Times New Roman], [/font]其中有些矿物质的供给量是有限的[font=Times New Roman], [/font]人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质[font=Times New Roman]“[/font]寿命值[font=Times New Roman]”, [/font]也就是说[font=Times New Roman], [/font]经过多长时间[font=Times New Roman], [/font]这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。[/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]下面我们再列举几个实例[font=Times New Roman]:[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]例[font=Times New Roman]3. Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]在[font=Times New Roman]20[/font]世纪以前[font=Times New Roman], [/font]小说中的妇女形象都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点[font=Times New Roman], [/font]因而无法成为具有个性的人[font=Times New Roman]; [/font]他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。[/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]例[font=Times New Roman]4. This method of using “controls” can be applied to a variety of situations, and can be used to find the answer to questions as widely different as “Must moisture be present if iron is to rust?” and “Which variety of beans gives the greatest yield in one season?”[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]这种使用“调控”的方法可以应用于许多种情况[font=Times New Roman], [/font]也能用来找到很不相同的各种问题的答案[font=Times New Roman], [/font]从[font=Times New Roman]“[/font]铁生锈[font=Times New Roman], [/font]是否必须有一定的湿度才行[font=Times New Roman]?”[/font]到[font=Times New Roman]“[/font]哪种豆类一季的产量最高[font=Times New Roman]?”[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]例[font=Times New Roman]5. It begins as a childlike interest in the grand spectacle and exciting event; it grows as a mature interest in the variety and complexity of the drama, the splendid achievements and terrible failures; it ends as deep sense of the mystery of man[/font]’[font=Times New Roman]s life of all the dead, great and obscure, who once walked the earth, and of wonderful and awful possibilities of being a human being.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]我们对历史的爱好起源于我们最初仅对一些历史上的宏伟场面和激动人心的事件感到孩童般的兴趣[font=Times New Roman]; [/font]其后[font=Times New Roman], [/font]这种爱好变得成熟起来[font=Times New Roman], [/font]我们开始对历史这出[font=Times New Roman]“[/font]戏剧[font=Times New Roman]”[/font]的多样性和复杂性[font=Times New Roman], [/font]对历史上的辉煌成就和悲壮失败也感兴趣[font=Times New Roman]; [/font]对历史的爱好[font=Times New Roman], [/font]最终以我们对人类生命的一种深沉的神秘感而告结束。[font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]对死去的[font=Times New Roman], [/font]无论是伟大与平凡[font=Times New Roman], [/font]所有在这个地球上走过而已逝的人，同时，我们对历史的爱好也最终以对人类都有能取得伟大奇迹或制造可怕事件的潜力的感知而宣告结束。[/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]例[font=Times New Roman]6. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment , they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]如果做父母的对这种青少年的反应有所准备[font=Times New Roman], [/font]而且认为这是一个的标志[font=Times New Roman]:[/font]显示出孩子正在成长[font=Times New Roman], [/font]正在发展宝贵的观察力和独立的判断力[font=Times New Roman], [/font]他们就不会感到如此伤心[font=Times New Roman], [/font]所以也就不会因对此有愤恨和反对的情绪而把孩子推到对立面去。[/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black][font=Times New Roman](2)[/font]逆序法。英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同[font=Times New Roman], [/font]甚至完全相反[font=Times New Roman], [/font]这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。[/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black][font=Times New Roman](3)[/font]例如[font=Times New Roman]:[/font][/color][/size]
[size=2][color=black][font=Times New Roman](4)[/font]例[font=Times New Roman]1. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it [/font][/color][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2][color=black](5)[/color][/size][/font][font=Times New Roman][size=2][color=black]found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.[/color][/size][/font]
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[/font]分析[font=Times New Roman]: [/font]这个句子由一个主句[font=Times New Roman], [/font]两个原因状语和一个定语从句[font=Times New Roman], “[/font]铝直到[font=Times New Roman]19[/font]世纪才被人发现[font=Times New Roman]”[/font]是主句[font=Times New Roman], [/font]也是全句的中心内容[font=Times New Roman], [/font]全句共有四个谓语结构[font=Times New Roman], [/font]共有五层意思[font=Times New Roman]: A. [/font]铝直到[font=Times New Roman]19[/font]世纪才被人发现[font=Times New Roman]; B. [/font]由于在自然界找不到游离状态的铝[font=Times New Roman]; C. [/font]由于它总是跟其他元素结合在一起[font=Times New Roman]; D. [/font]最普遍的是跟氧结合[font=Times New Roman]; E. [/font]铝跟氧有很强的亲和力。按照汉语的表达习惯通常因在前[font=Times New Roman], [/font]果在后[font=Times New Roman], [/font]这样[font=Times New Roman], [/font]我们可以逆着原文的顺序把该句翻译成[font=Times New Roman]:[/font]
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[/font] 铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起[font=Times New Roman], [/font]最普遍的是跟氧结合[font=Times New Roman]; [/font]因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力[font=Times New Roman], [/font]由于这个原因[font=Times New Roman], [/font]在自然界找不到游离状态的铝。所以[font=Times New Roman], [/font]铝直到[font=Times New Roman]19[/font]世纪才被人发现。[/color][/size]
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[/font] 例[font=Times New Roman]2. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their [/font][/color][/size]
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opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.[/color][/size][/font]
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[size=2][color=black]分析[font=Times New Roman]: [/font]该句由一个主句[font=Times New Roman], [/font]一个条件状语从句和一个宾语从句组成[font=Times New Roman], “……[/font]变得越来越重要[font=Times New Roman]”[/font]是主句[font=Times New Roman], [/font]也是全句的中心内容[font=Times New Roman], [/font]全句共有三个谓语结构[font=Times New Roman], [/font]包含三层含义[font=Times New Roman]: A. ……[/font]变的越来越重要[font=Times New Roman]; B. [/font]如果要使学生充分利用他们的机会[font=Times New Roman]; C. [/font]得为他们提供大量更为详尽的信息[font=Times New Roman], [/font]作更多的指导。为了使译文符合汉语的表达习惯[font=Times New Roman], [/font]我们也采用逆序法[font=Times New Roman], [/font]翻译成[font=Times New Roman]:[/font][/color][/size]
[size=2][color=black]因此[font=Times New Roman], [/font]如果要使学生充分利用他们[font=Times New Roman]([/font]上大学[font=Times New Roman])[/font]的机会[font=Times New Roman], [/font]就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息[font=Times New Roman], [/font]作更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。[/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black][font=宋体][size=14pt]下面我们再举几个实例[/size][/font][font=Times New Roman]:[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black][font=宋体][size=14pt]例[/size][/font][font=Times New Roman]3. It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]一旦了解英语的基本结构和句型[font=Times New Roman], [/font]再往下学似乎就越来越难了[font=Times New Roman], [/font]这其中的原因[font=Times New Roman], [/font]也许教师比学生更容易理解。[/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black][font=宋体][size=14pt]例[/size][/font][font=Times New Roman]4. They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]对于以往几代人来说[font=Times New Roman], [/font]旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫困的手段[font=Times New Roman], [/font]而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动[font=Times New Roman], [/font]因此首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。[/color][/size]
[size=2][color=black]例[font=Times New Roman]5.A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties.[/font]◎[/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black][font=Times New Roman]50[/font]年代后期的美国出现了一个任何人都不可能视而不见的现象[font=Times New Roman], [/font]穷知识分子以[font=Times New Roman]“[/font]跨掉的一代[font=Times New Roman]”[/font]这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美国典型的穷人[font=Times New Roman], [/font]正是这个时候大批大学生被赶进了知识分子的贫民窟。[/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black][font=宋体][size=14pt]例[/size][/font][font=Times New Roman]6. Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]许多人宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位[font=Times New Roman], [/font]这在西方倒是人之常情。[/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]例[font=Times New Roman]7. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating [/font]◎[font=Times New Roman]animals.[/font]◎[/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]假如没有那些以昆虫为食的动物保护我们[font=Times New Roman], [/font]昆虫将吞噬我们所有的庄稼[font=Times New Roman], [/font]害死我们的牛羊家畜[font=Times New Roman], [/font]使我们不能生存于世。[/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black][font=Times New Roman](3)[/font]分句法。有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切[font=Times New Roman], [/font]翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯[font=Times New Roman],[/font]把长句的从句或短语化成句子[font=Times New Roman], [/font]分开来叙述[font=Times New Roman],[/font]为了使语意连贯[font=Times New Roman], [/font]有时需要适当增加词语。[/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]例如[font=Times New Roman]:[/font]◎[/color][/size]
[size=2][color=black][font=宋体][size=14pt]例[/size][/font][font=Times New Roman]1. The number of the young people in the United States who can`t read is incredible about one in four.[/font][/color][/size]
[size=2][color=black]上句在英语中是一个相对简单的句子[font=Times New Roman], [/font]但是如果我们按照原文的句子结构死译[font=Times New Roman], [/font]就可能被翻译成[font=Times New Roman]:[/font][/color][/size]
[font=Times New Roman][size=2][color=#000000][/color][/size][/font]
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[/font] 没有阅读能力的美国青年人的数目令人难以相信约为[font=Times New Roman]1/4[/font]。[/color][/size]
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[/font]这样[font=Times New Roman], [/font]就使得译文极为不通顺[font=Times New Roman], [/font]不符合汉语的表达习惯[font=Times New Roman], [/font]因此[font=Times New Roman], [/font]我们应该把它译为[font=Times New Roman]:[/font][/color][/size]
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[/font]大约有[font=Times New Roman]1/4[/font]的美国青年人没有阅读能力[font=Times New Roman], [/font]这简直令人难以置信。[/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]例[font=Times New Roman]2. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow [/font]◎[font=Times New Roman]the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining. [/font][/color][/size]
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[/font] 分析[font=Times New Roman]: [/font]在此长句中[font=Times New Roman], [/font]有一个插入语[font=Times New Roman]“it is often said”, [/font]三个并列的谓语结构[font=Times New Roman], [/font]还有一个定语从句[font=Times New Roman], [/font]这三个并列的谓语结构尽管在结构上同属于同一个句子[font=Times New Roman],[/font]但都有独立的意义[font=Times New Roman], [/font]因此在翻译时[font=Times New Roman], [/font]可以采用分句法[font=Times New Roman], [/font]按照汉语的习惯把整个句子分解成几个独立的分句[font=Times New Roman], [/font]结果为[font=Times New Roman]:[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]人们常说[font=Times New Roman], [/font]通过电视可以了解时事[font=Times New Roman], [/font]掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。[/color][/size]
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[/font] 下面我们再举一个例子[font=Times New Roman]:[/font][/color][/size]
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[/font]例[font=Times New Roman]3. All they have to do is press a button, and they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match. [/font][/color][/size]
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[/font] 他们所必须做的只是按一下开关。开关一开[font=Times New Roman], [/font]就可以看到电视剧、电影、歌剧[font=Times New Roman], [/font]以及其他各种各样的文艺节目。至于政治问题的辩论、最近的激动人心的足球赛更是不在话下。
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[/font]例[font=Times New Roman]4. Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.[/font][/color][/size]
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[/font] 虽然在某处已经开始的生命中可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的型式[font=Times New Roman], [/font]但是行星的数目如此之多[font=Times New Roman],[/font]以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。[/color][/size]
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[/font] [font=Times New Roman](4) [/font]综合法。上面我们讲述了英语长句的逆序法、顺序法和分句法[font=Times New Roman], [/font]事实上[font=Times New Roman],[/font]在翻译一个英语长句时[font=Times New Roman], [/font]并不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法[font=Times New Roman], [/font]而是要求我们把各种方法综合使用[font=Times New Roman], [/font]这在我们上面所举的例子中也有所体现。尤其是在一些情况下[font=Times New Roman], [/font]一些英语长句单纯采用上述任何一种方法都不方便[font=Times New Roman], [/font]这就需要我们的仔细分析[font=Times New Roman], [/font]或按照时间的先后[font=Times New Roman],[/font]或按照逻辑顺序[font=Times New Roman], [/font]顺逆结合[font=Times New Roman], [/font]主次分明地对全句进行综合处理[font=Times New Roman],[/font]以便把英语原文翻译成通顺忠实的汉语句子。例如[font=Times New Roman]:[/font]
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[/font]例[font=Times New Roman]1. People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.[/font][/color][/size]
[size=2][color=black][font=Times New Roman](21)[/font][/color][/size]
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[/font]大分析[font=Times New Roman]: [/font]该句共有三层含义[font=Times New Roman]: A: [/font]人们不敢出门[font=Times New Roman]; B: [/font]尽管警察已接到命令[font=Times New Roman], [/font]要作好准备以应付紧急情况[font=Times New Roman]; C: [/font]警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。在这三层含义中[font=Times New Roman], B[/font]表示让步[font=Times New Roman], C[/font]表示原因[font=Times New Roman], [/font]而[font=Times New Roman]A[/font]则表示结果[font=Times New Roman], [/font]按照汉语习惯顺序[font=Times New Roman], [/font]我们作如下的安排[font=Times New Roman]:[/font][/color][/size]
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[/font] [/color][/size]
[size=2][color=black] 尽管警察已接到命令[font=Times New Roman], [/font]要作好准备以应付紧急情况[font=Times New Roman], [/font]但人们不敢出门[font=Times New Roman], [/font]因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。[/color][/size]
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[size=2][color=black]下面我们再举几个例子[font=Times New Roman]:[/font]◎[/color][/size]
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[/font]例[font=Times New Roman]2. Modern scientific and technical books, especially textbooks, requires revision at short [/font]◎[font=Times New Roman]intervals if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas, observations and discoveries.[/font][/color][/size]
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[/font]大对于现代书籍[font=Times New Roman], [/font]特别是教科书来说[font=Times New Roman], [/font]要是作者希望自己书中的内容能与新概念、新观察到的事实和新发现同步发展的话[font=Times New Roman], [/font]那么就应该每隔较短的时间[font=Times New Roman], [/font]将书中的内容重新修改。[/color][/size]
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[/font]例[font=Times New Roman]3. Taking his cue from Ibsen`s A Doll`s House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husband[/font]’[font=Times New Roman]s treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would need money to support herself; she must have economic rights to survive.[/font][/color][/size]
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[/font]易卜生的剧作《玩偶之家》中的女主人公娜拉离家出走[font=Times New Roman], [/font]因为她憎恶她的丈夫像对待孩子一样来对待她。作家鲁迅从中得到启示[font=Times New Roman], [/font]从而告诫人们娜拉得需要钱来养活自己[font=Times New Roman], [/font]她要生存就必须有经济上的权利。[/color][/size]
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[/font]例[font=Times New Roman]4. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new [/font]◎[font=Times New Roman]tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities.[/font][/color][/size]
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[/font]大到目前为止[font=Times New Roman], [/font]经历了[font=Times New Roman]18[/font]和[font=Times New Roman]19[/font]两个世纪[font=Times New Roman], [/font]这种新的倾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊[font=Times New Roman], [/font]而把生产活动、商业往来、政府部门以及娱乐场所都集中在城市的中心地区。[/color][/size]
[[i] 本帖最后由 translator 于 2008-6-24 19:40 编辑 [/i]] 没有看过这个书,以后对这看一下
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