[分享] 新概念英语 第二册 第49课

NWWOLFGANG

新概念英语 第二册 第49课











课文录音



[ 本帖最后由 NWWOLFGANG 于 2010-8-21 02:20 编辑 ]

NWWOLFGANG

部分单词的注释

tired  adj. 厌烦的
be (get) tired of sth/doing sth，讨厌某事/做某事。

real  adj. 真正的
real强调人或事物真实的存在，而不是想像的或虚构的；true（真实的）则强调符合事实，是真实的，而不是虚假的。

spring  n. 弹簧
spring还可以解释为：春天，泉水。

mattress  n. 床垫
mat，垫子（用在桌上）；cushion，座垫。

gust  n. 一阵风
wind，风（统称）；breeze，微风；gale，大风，（突发的）一阵风。
a gust of anger，无名火。

sweep  n. 扫刮
blow，（风）吹，刮。
sweep sth away，把东西刮走。

courtyard  n. 院子
court，院子，庭院；yard，院子；backyard，后院。

smash  v. 碰碎，摔碎
crash，受挤压而变碎；break，:打碎；cut into pieces，切碎，剪碎；tear into pieces，撕碎。
smash sth into pieces，把东西摔成碎片。

glance  v. 扫视
glance at，扫视（漫不经心地看）；glare at，瞪着；stare at，盯着；gaze at，盯着（无限神往、羡慕地看）。

promptly  adv. 迅速地
相当于at once或immediately。

部分课文的注释

Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed. 德黑兰的一个年轻人由于对睡地板感到厌倦，于是积蓄多年买了一张真正的床。
（1）be tired of是“对……感到厌倦”的意思。tired引导的分词短语省略了开头的being，其作用相当于原因状语从句As he was tired of …。sleeping为动名词，作介词of的宾语。
（2）save up为固定短语，表示“储蓄”、“攒钱”，如：
    I want to get married in one or two years, so I'm trying to save (some money) up. 我想一两年之间内结婚，所以我在设法攒钱。
（3）to在这里用于表示目的，相当于in order to，如：
    I got up early to have a swim. 为了游泳我起了个大早。

… he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. ……他便把床搬到了他的屋顶上。
介词onto可拼写成一个词，也可拼写成两个词（on to）。它用于表示动作方向而不用于表示静态的位置（与into相似），如：
    I put the pen onto/on the table. 我把笔放到桌子上。
    The pen is on the table. 笔在桌子上。（不可用onto/on to）
onto/on to有时可用on代替，但表示位置的on不可用onto代替，如：
    Mr. Thompson jumped on the stage. 汤普森先生在台上跳。
    Mr. Thompson jumped onto the stage. 汤普森先生跳上了台。

blow up，（指暴风雨）出现并加剧；刮起。

A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below. 一阵大风把床从屋顶上刮了下来，把它摔碎在下面的院子里。
gust表示“一阵强风”、“一阵狂风”，既可以单独使用，也可以用a gust of wind形式，如：
    A gust (of wind) blew my hat off. 一阵大风吹掉了我的帽子。
crashing into the courtyard below是现在分词短语，作宾语补足语。

The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground. 那年轻人直到床撞到地上才醒了过来。
not … until有“直到……才”的意思。until后面与表示某一点的时间状语连用。它前面没有not时，与表示一段时间的“持续动词”连用；有not时，常用表示某一时间点的动词（或叫瞬间动词）连用，如：
    I'll stay here until Monday. 我要在这儿呆到星期一。
    I won't leave until Monday. 我要到星期一才离开。

to pieces，粉碎地，成碎片地。
    The cup was broken to pieces. 杯子摔成了碎片。

Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man … 年轻人看了一眼周围的碎木片和碎金属片……
（1）glancing为现在分词，它引导的短语相当于一个时间状语从句After he glanced at …
（2）动词glance的主要含义为“看一眼”、“扫视”，如：
    Ian glanced at his watch and left the room. 伊恩看了一眼手表，然后离开了房间。
    Joe glanced through the newspaper while talking to me. 乔一边和我聊天，一边浏览报纸。
（3）that引导的关系从句修饰the bits of wood and metal，that在从句中作主语。

关键句型

复合句的语序

我们可以把一些简单句连接在一起组成复合句。与并列句不同，复合句的各个组成部分并非同等重要，其中总有一个独立分句（或称“主句”）和一个或一个以上从属分句（或称“从句”），主句往往可以独立存在。复合句可用两种方法构成：一是用连词把从句与主句连接起来；二是用不定式或分词结构，它们构成复合句的一部分，因为它们可以用从句的形式表现出来。

1. 用连词连接的复合句
组成复合句常用到以下这些连词：
when、until、after、as soon as、while、before、because、as、since、to、in order to、although、who、which、that等等。
（1）在复合句中，从句可以是名词性从句（即起名词的作用）。在句子中，它可以作主语、宾语或be等连系动词的表语，一般由that引导，有时也用疑问代词或疑问副词引导，如：
    I know (that) the meeting will be put off. 我知道会议将要推迟。（宾语从句）
    That the meeting will be put off is now certain. 会议将被推迟现已确定无疑。（主语从句，that不可省略）
（2）从句也可以是定语从句，连接的关系代词通常有who、whom、that、which和whose（参见28课难点）；定语从句还可以用关系副词when、where、why来连接，如：
    My tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been. 我的舌头正在忙着寻找刚拔掉的那颗牙的伤口。

（3）从句还可以是状语从句。
时间状语从句一般回答When?形式的问题，并可以用when、after、before、as soon as、until、while、as、since等连词来引导，如：
    He has been ill since he came back from his holidays. 他自从休假回来就一直病着。
地点状语从句回答Where?形式的问题，可以由where、everywhere、anywhere等连词来引导，如：
    With a special train ticket, you can travel anywhere/everywhere you like in Europe for just over £100. 你如持有专票，仅花一百多一点英镑，就可以到欧洲各地旅行。
方式状语从句回答How?形式的问题，可以由连词as或短语in the way (that)等引导。方式状语从句一般置于主句之后，如：
    Type this again as/in the way (that) I showed you just now. 按我刚才告诉你的那样把这再打一遍。
方式状语从句在动词be、feel、seem、appear等后面也可以由连词as if和as though来引导，如：
    It feels as if/though it's going to rain. 这天气给人的感觉好像是就要下雨了。
原因状语从句一般回答Why?形式的问题，可以由because、as 等引导，如：
    He missed the train. He did not hurry. 他误了火车。他没有赶紧离开。
    He missed the train because he did not hurry. 因为没有赶紧离开，他误了火车。
    As you can't go yourself, you'll have to ask Susan go to for you. 既然你自己不能去，那你就请苏珊替你去吧。
    My neighbour went to Tokyo for a holiday. He could not return home. He did not have enough money. 我的邻居去东京度假。他没能回来。他的钱不够了。
    My neighbour, who went to Tokyo for a holiday, could not return home because he did not have money. 我那位去东京度假的邻居，由于钱不够了没能回来。
条件状语从句可由if及其他连词引导（参见第16课和第40课关键句型）。
让步状语从句使句子具有对比的因素，它们一般由连词although、though、even though、even if等引导，如：
    He ran fast. He failed to win the race. 他跑得很快。他没有赢得比赛。
    Although he ran fast, he failed to win the race. 虽然他跑得很快，但他没能在比赛中获胜。
    He failed the exam, even though he studied hard. 虽然他学习很努力，他考试还是没及格。
目的状语从句可由so that、in order that等连词引导，如：
    I arrived early so that/in order that I could get the tickets. 我到得很早，以便能买到票。
结果状语从句描述结果，可由so+形容词+that引导，也可由such (a)+（形容词）+名词+that来引导，如：
    I was tired. I went to sleep immediately. 我很累。我立刻睡着了。
    I was so tired that I went to sleep immediately. 我感到如此之疲倦以致马上就入睡了。
    She was so angry that she left immediately. 她非常生气，立刻就走了。
    There was such a lot of rain that we couldn't go out. 下这么大的雨，我们都出不了门了。
比较状语从句结构包括as+形容词/副词+as、not so/as … as，形容词/副词的比较级+than、more … than、less … than 等，如：
    He is as quick in answering as his sister (is). 他回答得和他姐姐/妹妹一样快。
    He is not so/ as quick in answering as his sister (is). 他回答得不如他姐姐/妹妹那样快。
    He moves more slowly than his sister (does). 他行动起来比他姐姐/妹妹慢。

2. 不定式结构的复合句
这种结构通常可以代替表示目的或表示条件的状语从句，如：
    I went into the garden. I wanted to pick some flowers. 我进了花园。我想摘些花。
    I went into the garden to pick some flowers. 我走进花园去摘些花。
    To get into university you have to pass a number of examinations. 要进入大学你必须通过一系列考试。

3. 分词结构的复合句
（1）现在分词结构可以代替表示时间或原因的状语从句、定语从句等，如：
    I found the door unlocked. I went into the kitchen. 我发现门打开了。我走进了厨房。
    Finding the door unlocked, I went into the kitchen. 发现门打开了，我走进了厨房。
    Speaking to them, I got very angry. 和他们谈话时我变得非常生气。（代替时间）
    Feeling tired, I went to bed earlier than usual. 我觉得很累，所以睡得比平时早。（代替原因）
    The train arriving at 8 o'clock is from London. 八点钟到的这趟列车是从伦敦来的。（代替定语从句）
现在分词结构的这种用法仅限于两个动作的主语一致的时候。用它代替时间从句时，分词结构表示的动作如果发生在前，则分词结构要位于主语前；如果两个动作同时发生，那么分词结构既可以位于主句前，也可以位于主句后，如：
    Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view. 我们爬到塔顶后，看到了一片壮丽的景色。（有前后）
    I got very angry working with them. 同他们一起工作时我很生气。（同时）
分词结构位于主句前面时，要用逗号隔开。
（2）过去分词结构常用于比较正式的文体，往往代替被动语态，如：
    The city was destroyed during the war. It has now been completely rebuilt. 城市在战争中被摧毁了。它已被彻底重建。
    Destroyed during the war, the city has now been completely rebuilt. 在战争中被毁后，这座城市现在已彻底重建了。
    Damaged in an accident, the car has now been repaired. 在一次事故中被撞坏后，那辆车现已修好。

NWWOLFGANG

摘要写作
A young man in Teheran bought a bed for the first time in his life. Because the weather hot, he sleep on the roof of his house. The bed was swept off the roof during a storm three nights later. The man not only was unhurt, but was still on his mattress. As the bed was in pieces and he carried the mattress indoors and put it on the floor and go back to sleep.(75)
书信写作
8384 Peace St.,
Little Dormant,
Changzi,
China.
20th July, 2009
Dear mom
关键句型
A
Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years [to] buy a real bed. For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed [which] had springs [and] a mattress. [Because] the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. He slept very well for the first two nights, [but] on the third night, a storm blew up. A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof [and] sent it crashing into the courtyard below. The young man did not wake up [until] the bed had struck the ground. [Although] the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt. [When] he woke up, he was still on the mattress. Glancing at the bits of wood [and] metal [that] lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress [and] carried it into his house. [After] he had put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.
B
1.        Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed.
2.        He became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress.
3.        Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house.
4.        The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground.
5.        Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was unhurt.
6.        When he woke up, he was still on the mattress.
7.        Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, he sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house.
8.        After he had put it on the floor, he went to sleep again.
作文
The man gathered the pieces next morning so that he repaired the bed. After he put it on the roof and tied it down, he enjoyed many comfortable nights’ sleep.
多项选择
1.        D
2.        D
3.        B
4.        A
5.        D
6.        B
7.        A
8.        A
9.        C
10.        B
11.        A
12.        A
句子结构
A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof.

NWWOLFGANG

书面练习参考答案

摘要写作
    A young man in Teheran bought a real bed for the first time in his life. Because the weather was hot, he slept on the roof of his house. The bed was swept off the roof during a storm three nights later. The man was not only unhurt but still on his mattress. As the bed was in pieces, he carried the mattress indoors and after he had put it on the floor he went back to sleep.  (78 words)

书信写作
                                                                                        28 Qinhuaihe Rd.,
                                                                                         Nanjing,
                                                                                         Jiangsu,
                                                                                         China.
                                                                                         22nd July, 2009
Dear Catherine
关键句型
A  
    Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed. For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress. Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up. A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below. The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground. Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt. When he woke up, he was still on the mattress. Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house. After he had put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.
B   
1  Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed.
2  He became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress.
3  Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house.
4  The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground.
5  Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was unhurt.
6  When he woke up, he was still on the mattress.
7  Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, he sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house.
8  After he put it on the floor, he went to sleep again.

作文
    The man gathered the pieces next morning. He repaired the bed, then put it on the roof and tied it down. After that he enjoyed many comfortable nights' sleep.

多项选择题
理解
1  Which statement best describes what happened?
(a) The bed was blown off the roof.
(b) The man was not hurt.
(c) The bed was smashed to pieces.
(d) The bed was blown off the roof, but the man was not hurt.
(d)
2  When the man discovered that his bed had been smashed _______.
(a) he went back to sleep soon afterwards
(b) he couldn't sleep at all that night
(c) he tried to fix the bed
(d) he stayed where he was and immediately went back to sleep
(a)
句型
3  ______ the hot weather, he couldn't sleep indoors.
(a) Because
(b) Because of
(c) As
(d) For
(b)
4  Where did he ______ his bed?
(a) carry
(b) carries
(c) carried
(d) carrying
(a)
5  How ______ did he sleep?
(a) good
(b) well
(c) goodly
(d) nice
(b)
6  Where was the courtyard?
(a) Down.
(b) Under.
(c) Below.
(d) Bottom.
(c)
7  He looked at the bits of wood and metal ______ around him.
(a) laying
(b) laid
(c) lying
(d) lied
(c)
词汇
8  A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof. The wind blew very ______.
(a) hard
(b) fast
(c) quickly
(d) soon
(a)
9  The bed crashed into the courtyard. It ______ the courtyard.
(a) smashed
(b) knocked
(c) struck
(d) exploded
(c)
10  It was smashed to pieces. It ______.
(a) was struck
(b) was cracked
(c) was destroyed
(d) was damaged
(c)
11  He glanced at the bits of wood and metal. He ______ the bits of wood and metal.
(a) looked quickly at
(b) had a glimpse of
(c) stared at
(d) watched
(a)
12  He promptly went to sleep again. He went to sleep ______.
(a) straight away
(b) after a while
(c) after a time
(d) late
(a)

句子结构
A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof.

NWWOLFGANG

多项选择题讲解
1. 选（d）。
根据课文的情景，只有（d）The bed was blown off the roof, but the man was not hurt.（床被从屋顶上刮落下来，但那人没有受伤。）最能概括整篇课文的意思，其它三个选择都不全面，因此应该选（d）。
2. 选（a）。
根据课文第9～11行Glancing at the bits of wood and metal … he promptly went to sleep again. 可以判断，只有（a）he went back to sleep soon afterwards.（然后他很快睡着了。）与课文描述的情况相符，其它三个选择都与课文实际内容不符。
3. 选（b）。
（a）Because、（c）As、（d）For都只能引导原因状语从句，只有（b）Because of后面可以跟名词，表示原因，所以（b）是正确的。
4. 选（a）。
本句是一般过去时的疑问句，因为已经有助动词did，后面只有用动词原形才正确。（b）carries、（c）carried、（d）carrying都不是动词原形，只有（a）carry是动词原形，所以（a）是正确答案。
5. 选（b）。
本句是针对修饰动词的状语（程度副词）提问的，（a）good（好的）、（d）nice（好的，美好的）这两个选择都是形容词，不能修饰动词；（c）goodly（漂亮的，优美的）也是形容词，而不是good的副词，也不能修饰动词；只有（b）well（好）是副词，能修饰动词，因此，（b）是正确答案。
6. 选（c）。
这是一个对地点提问的疑问句。（a）Down（向下，在下方）是副词，但只跟实义动词连用，不能跟be动词连用；（b）Under（在下面）是介词，后面应该有宾语；（d）Bottom（底，底部）是名词，不能单独用来回答地点疑问句；只有（c）Below（在下面）是副词，可以独立表示地点，因此应该选（c）。
7. 选（c）。
本句需要一个分词短语作定语，修饰前面的名词，这里被修饰的名词与定语之间是主动的关系，因此要用现在分词。（b）laid、（d）lied都不是现在分词，因此不正确；（a）laying是lay（放置）的现在分词，但lay是及物动词，后面不能有介词around，因此也不正确；只有（c）lying是不及物动词的现在分词，可以跟介词around，因此是正确的。
8. 选（a）。
本句需要选一个合适的副词表示风大或强。（b）fast（快速）、（c）quickly（迅速）、（d）soon（不久，很快）都不适合描写风的大或强；只有（a）hard（强烈地，厉害地）可以这样描述风，符合题义，因此应该选（a）。
9. 选（c）。
本句需要选一个同前一句中的crashed into（猛撞在，坠毁在）的意思相近的词。（a）smashed（碰碎，摔破）是及物动词，打碎的对象是后面的宾语，而本句的宾语是courtyard，因此（a）的意思不正确；（b）knocked（敲击）在程度上有差别；（d）exploded（使爆炸）意思上相差很大；只有（c）struck（撞击）比较接近crashed into的意思，因此应该选（c）。
10. 选（c）。
前一句It was smashed to pieces是“它被摔成碎片”的意思，是彻底的破坏。（a）was struck（被撞击）、（b）was cracked（被撞裂）、（d）was damaged（被损坏）都没有彻底破坏的含义；只有（c）was destroyed（毁坏，摧毁）有彻底破坏、不能修复的含义，因此应该选（c）。
11. 选（a）。
本句需要选出与前一句中的glanced at（扫视，匆匆一看）意思相近的词或短语。（b）had a glimpse of（瞥一眼）是无意识的，而glanced at是有意识的，因此不正确；（c）stared at（盯着……看）、（d）watched（观看，注视）都有长时间看的意思，也不正确；只有（a）looked quickly at（快速地看）跟glanced at意思最接近，因此（a）是正确答案。
12. 选（a）。
本句需要选出同前一句的副词promptly（迅速地）意义相近的词或短语。（b）after a while（过一会儿）、（c）after a time（过一段时间）、（d）late（晚，迟）都与promptly意思不同，只有（a）straight away（立刻）与promptly意思最接近，因此（a）是正确答案。